What is a hero? Are heroes still necessary or even possible in contemporary cultures? Why are villains so prevalent? Real life heroes and villains have played a crucial role in the history of nations and civilizations from ancient to contemporary times. Often honored by society but sometimes feared or disdained, heroes (male and female) reflect and shape standards of excellence, provide inspiration, overcome adversity, pursue ideals, lead, and challenge. Villains can question convention and test ideals, and lead and challenge as well. Both heroes and villains can problematize cultural values by pushing boundaries, transgressing, and transcending them. What do the real life heroes and villains of a particular age and place say about that time period and culture? How is a hero different from a leader or role model? Does every age get the heroes it deserves? What qualities or deeds qualify a person for hero status? Have the characteristics of heroes changed over time? Why are villains so transfixing? Is it possible to be simultaneously a hero and a villain? In this course we will study recognized political, intellectual, creative, and social heroes from diverse cultures and historical time periods, select villains, and theories of heroism.

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